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The word “Smart Bus†first appeared on the newspapers as the “G-BOS†for the successful development of the 2010 Hager Bus, and it was promoted and used by trucks. After being praised by the industry, it was praised. Later, almost overnight, other domestic well-known passenger car manufacturers have also launched a "car-based intelligent operation system" (right to call it) with similar features, but with similar functions. As a result, people seem to think that "Smart Bus" is coming to us.
However, whether the domestic road passenger vehicles have truly entered the gate of “wisdomâ€, because of the working relationship, I have participated in several bus companies’ seminars or seminars on these “in-vehicle intelligent operation systemsâ€, and at the same time, the author’s units Applied these "car intelligent operating systems." Therefore, with the understanding of these facilities and the actual experience of using the experience, the author thinks: If you really do not dare to say that. The development and application of these intelligent systems have, in a certain sense, actively changed the basic traits of traditional passenger cars. However, these intelligent systems have deficiencies and limitations, or are not systematic, making them “wisdom busesâ€. Prematurely, the growth road of "Smart Bus" is still very long.
I. Current Status and Deficiency of Intelligent Road Vehicles
The smart system launched by each passenger car manufacturer at present is mainly focused on the form of smart terminals. It continuously collects engine operating data, vehicle status information, and driver operations from the CAN bus and various types of sensors. Behavior, under the support of modern satellite positioning and network communication technologies, vehicle remote monitoring, driver operation behavior data modeling analysis, and recording, monitoring, and analysis of the operation status of several important components are realized. In recent years, bus manufacturers have begun to consider how to implement intelligent preventive control on active safety, but they are still in the initial stage and the effect is to be tested.
Analysing the main functions and working principles of these "intelligent systems" for passenger cars nowadays, it is not difficult for us to see traces developed from GPS and tachographs. The main functions of the buses are only the functions of GPS plus driving recorders, and they are nothing more than passenger car manufacturers. Using this principle and technology, functional integration, enhancement, expansion, and play have been made. Naturally, the middle of the bus manufacturers has been integrated into the main ideas of the bus manufacturers, and there are also certain new technologies and new knowledge innovations. However, the traces of the principle functions of the GPS and tachograph are still obvious. Such as the remote monitoring of vehicles, its essence is the use of GPS features, and some added 3G video surveillance, but it is not unusual. The data analysis of the driver's operation behavior and the record analysis of the working status of some important components are welcomed by the users because they can find some artificial reasons, but this function is essentially a driving recorder. Moreover, most of these functions have occurred afterwards. This kind of lagging nature cannot be said to be intelligent.
Therefore, this kind of intelligent system developed on the basis of the GPS plus drive recorder is currently playing a role in our transportation companies, whether it is competing with high-speed rails or the needs of internal management, but it has a role to play. limitation. It is clear that there is something missing from our imagination and requirements for "Smart Buses." There is a lot of distance between them.
Second, the main factors affecting the intelligent development of highway passenger cars
Why is the development of scientific and new technology application, especially intelligent technology, as an important production and transportation vehicle for passengers in transportation enterprises, and the development of smart technology is far less than that of passenger cars? What factors have influenced the pace of intelligent development of passenger cars? The rough idea is caused by three shortcomings:
1. The lack of market demand for "smart buses" has caused the lack of motivation for the intelligent development of passenger cars.
Power comes from demand, demand creates markets. However, for a long time, transport companies have never had any requirements for smart vehicles for their money-making machines. If we say that before the reform and opening up, we dare not mention it, because at that time it was imagination that the intelligence of passenger cars was also a kind of luxury. In the late 1990s, when the rapid development of expressways throughout the country created a good situation for road transport companies, did the transportation companies have the need for intelligent passenger cars? No, in the face of booming passenger traffic, the development of long-distance and long-distance lines, The enterprise thinks that it is how the bus pulls a few passengers and runs a few more miles. The most demanding passenger cars for enterprises are: powerful and powerful, high-elevation appearance, luxurious and refined interior, and safe and comfortable rides. This pursuit of short-term benefits and realism demand influences and motivates passenger car manufacturers to focus their research and development efforts on The continuous innovation of the appearance of the vehicle, the continuous increase in the dimensions, and the constant changes in the body structure. The basics of smart technology for passenger cars are zero. Even if some new materials and new processes are used, they are also heavily used in the firmness and corrosion resistance of car body structures. Some manufacturers have increased their innovation in safety, comfort, and fuel economy. Vehicles bearing structural changes and modifications, adding some facilities to find ways, did not think from the "smart" point of view. At the annual passenger bus exposition, we see that the new car introduced by the bus manufacturer is not to demonstrate its innovation in the appearance of the image and the structural changes in space, is to show how its high standard configuration is different, there is little intelligent technology Show it. The application of these electronic facilities such as GPS and drive recorders, which now appear to be very basic, are not original by bus manufacturers. It can be seen that in the past, the status quo of transport companies on the intelligence of passenger cars has seriously affected the enthusiasm of bus manufacturers and their upstream enterprises for their R&D, and this has seriously affected the pace of intelligent development of passenger cars.
2. Inadequate development of passenger cars for passenger car manufacturers and their upstream enterprises, resulting in the lack of intellectual support for the intelligent development of passenger cars.
Before the reform and opening up, China’s automobile industry was very backward, passenger car manufacturing was even more shabby, and many manufacturers evolved from passenger car repairs. Therefore, it was already amazing to be able to build a bus that was moving at that time. How dare we talk about developing smart buses? . After the reform and opening up, especially the development of expressways, passenger car manufacturers have achieved great development. But overall, the scale and technical strength of China's passenger car manufacturers are still not very strong. Hand-made, labor-intensive or bus manufacturing mainstream. Although there are also listed companies, there are also large companies known as "Three Dragons and One Pass" and youth buses. However, among them, there are not many people who have strong independent research and development strength. In particular, there is very little research and development that can carry out the intelligentization of passenger cars. As for other medium-sized and below-sized passenger car manufacturers, they only have dry eyes. Therefore, the lack of R&D strength is an important factor restricting the development of smart buses. In the end, passenger car manufacturing is still an assembly plant. Many of the original ecological technologies are not in its hands, such as engines, chassis, electronic components, etc. However, these upstream enterprises are even more dispersed and numerous, and their development power is not only uneven. It is not uniform, and it is not strong in general. Therefore, it is really difficult for bus manufacturers to organize these main parts and create smart buses that not only run well, but also run. In addition to the need for collaboration and close cooperation among a large number of related parts and components companies, it also requires the passenger car factory to take the overall situation into consideration during the manufacturing process, and to re-innovate the technology. The technical requirements faced here are only higher, not the highest, otherwise the smart bus is just A dream.
3. The management department has insufficient requirements for the development of smart buses, resulting in the lack of government support for the intelligent development of passenger vehicles.
From the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, which manages the production of passenger cars, to the Ministry of Public Security, which manages the safety of passenger cars, to the Ministry of Transportation, which manages the use of passenger cars, there are many dazzling rules and regulations governing the manufacture, licensing, and use of passenger cars, but they have never seen them. A department has clear plans and requirements for the intelligent development of passenger cars. Even a development idea has not been seen. (I wonder if it's the author who is ignorant) If GPS and driving recorders are also counted as intelligent facilities for passenger cars, several ministries and commissions have only issued a management document after installing the buses for these two products for many years, and they are still obviously lagging behind. It is ridiculous to develop and restrict development documents. The intelligentization of passenger cars is the trend and direction of the development of passenger cars. However, several management departments do not seem to have even a decent agency that specializes in the study of smart buses, let alone whether there are appropriate guidelines for advance planning. At present, the smart systems that bus manufacturers are working hard to develop are also autonomous activities that companies have to improve their competitiveness. There is no minimum government requirement. Therefore, this government's lack of management requirements for smart buses is also a terrible factor that makes the intelligent development of passenger cars slow.
Third, the expectations for the intelligent development of highway passenger cars
Faced with more and more complicated high-speed rail competition and challenges, facing higher and higher requirements of the government and society, in the face of increasingly difficult enterprise management and development, what kind of “intelligent passenger car†is our transportation company? What should be the direction of intelligent development of passenger cars? The author has the following expectations.
1, driving intelligence
Intelligent driving is the basis for the entry of “Smart Busâ€. All smart vehicles regard this as the first attack direction. At present, smart assisted driving systems, such as smart wipers, smart lights, and smart air conditioners, have become more widely used, especially in cars. The existing smart operating system for passenger cars is "G-BOS, Anjietong, Longyi, and driving treasure". However, this kind of driving intelligence is still preliminary, superficial, and the development space is still very large. It is capable of further deepening, refinement and humanization. For example, it records the driving operation behavior and the working status of relevant components, and it is necessary to record the post-mortem analysis from real-time. , Real-time display, real-time voice prompts, real-time background report development; for example, various intelligent sensor recognition, from intelligent judgment, to intelligent response, intelligent self-regulation, intelligent active error correction development; such as driving routes, from intelligent planning, Get real-time road conditions in advance and correct the development of planning paths in advance; for example, vehicle emergency, judge the fault from intelligence, and develop intelligent emergency measures and intelligent self-disposal. (There are many, not a single case) so as to continuously improve the intelligence of driving.
2. Intelligent fuel consumption
This kind of intelligent fuel consumption is not the current method of data modeling and analysis of the driver's operating behavior, to identify operating mistakes, to achieve fuel-efficient methods; nor is it through the monitoring record of fuel tank refueling to prevent and eliminate refueling Bad approach. Instead, it is hoped that like variable frequency air conditioners, a "variable cylinder engine" will be developed, that is, the engine will accurately judge the actual power and horsepower of the vehicle by virtue of the intelligent control device under different conditions such as different roads, different loads, and different speeds. Requirements, synchronous adjustment of the number of cylinder work, always only to meet the required horsepower and power. In other words, only when the full load demand, all the number of engine cylinders work as a whole, and when the vehicle's running horsepower and power demand decrease, the engine will automatically pause several cylinders work, or several cylinders work in turn to achieve variable cylinder function, Turn a six-cylinder machine into a four-cylinder machine or even a three-cylinder machine. This keeps the vehicle in the best economical condition at all times, so as to save fuel. Because now we are tangled up in the problem of horsepower diesel engine horsepower matching. Generally, we choose the big ones and we don't choose small ones. This results in more wasted vehicle horsepower in actual driving, excessive fuel consumption, and poor vehicle economy, if the engine can achieve this kind of " Changing the cylinder "intelligence, this will be an engine fuel economy revolution. ("Cylinder change" brings other benefits.)
3, security intelligence
Safety coaches are the permanent theme of intelligent coaches and the biggest and most important topic of “Smart Busesâ€. Security intelligence is mainly through the application of sensing technology and identification technology to achieve intelligent identification, judgment, error correction, disposal and other means to improve bus safety and active safety. Passenger car manufacturers are now strengthening R&D in areas such as trajectory departure warnings, vehicle distance warnings, driver fatigue warnings, and other measures. This is a good direction. Other alarm devices, such as tire pressure alarm and brake alarm, have played a good role in prevention and active safety. The trend of safe and intelligent development is to further expand the scope of safety reminders and alarms; improve the accuracy and effectiveness of sound reminders and alarm functions; and increase the synchronization function of reminders, alarms, and emergency handling, especially if the driving deviation is too close to the vehicle distance. Reminder and automatic deceleration, brake synchronization integration. At the same time, active safety is further strengthened through real-time supervision and control of drivers and vehicles.
4, management intelligence
Intelligent management is the characteristic and necessity of intelligent buses. Because driving a passenger car is not only the individual operation of the driver, it is also a kind of corporate behavior and business behavior of the company. Therefore, it is necessary to implement full management of the driver's driving behavior. The highest realm of this kind of management intelligence is the realization of "one-man car management integration," or "the car dealership is thousands of miles away, and is in control." The role of this kind of management intelligence is mainly reflected in the remote realization of the operation management, safety management, technical management and consumption management of drivers and vehicles; this kind of management intelligence manifests that, before driving, such as: the driver's Authentication, driving route setting, continuous driving time setting, and other pre-control functions; real-time monitoring, guidance, and assistance for drivers can be realized during driving; special vehicles can be used to remotely decelerate and turn off vehicles when necessary. , locks, etc. After finishing driving, it can automatically organize the total analysis of the trajectory and operation data to obtain relevant conclusions. Therefore, management intelligence is not only a comprehensive application management of bus intelligent technology by managers, but also a new management revolution that uses bus intelligent technology itself. Its practical significance is far greater than the intelligent management itself.