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Recently, in an interview with Reuters, US Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross expressed concern about the industrial safety of the semiconductor industry in the United States, because semiconductors have a wide range of applications for defense security and can be used in military hardware and many national economic related equipment.
Focusing on industrial safety is not just a country in the United States. Industrial security has always been the foundation and important connotation of national economic security and is the basic starting point for the country to formulate and implement industrial policies for sustainable development.
The equipment manufacturing industry can best represent the hard power of a country's science and technology, military protection, etc., and its level of development determines the progress of modernization in various countries. At present, China's equipment manufacturing industry has entered a period of medium-term growth, and the policy effect of supply-side structural reforms has initially appeared, which has promoted the advancement of equipment manufacturing to the high-end and traditional industries. However, the issue of industrial safety in the equipment manufacturing industry is also becoming increasingly apparent. If it cannot be taken seriously, new industrial safety issues may arise.
Many hidden dangers
With the gradual application and promotion of new technologies in the field of equipment, and the advanced industries returning from advanced countries, China's equipment manufacturing industry is facing new hidden dangers.
At present, China’s high-end equipment supply capacity is insufficient and its core components rely on imports. The core components of China's equipment manufacturing industry, such as the robot's high-precision reducers, high-performance servo motors and drives, high-performance controllers, sensors and end-effector, and other five key components, additive manufacturing of high beam quality lasers and beam shaping System, high-precision encoders for servo motors, and high-efficiency tools for CNC machine tools all rely on imports. The reason is that China's industrial "four bases" are weak, lacking key components for industrial robots, high-pressure piston motors for construction machinery, new power electronic devices, and MEMS advanced design and manufacturing technologies.
Germany's Industry 4.0, U.S. Industrial Internet, and Japan's industrial value chain have all introduced a three-dimensional reference framework and began to actively apply to top-level standards from the International Organization for Standardization. If China's smart manufacturing industry does not accelerate standards development, it will continue to lack standards for international discourse. In terms of emerging technologies, such as additive manufacturing, due to the lack of participation in corporate cooperation, unified standards have not yet been implemented. In addition, the product accuracy, reliability, and production efficiency still have a big gap compared to imported products: The unidirectional repeatability accuracy of lathes, milling machines, and grinders in China is basically 2.5 μm; for the international high-end 1.6 μm or even 1.0 μm, At the research and development stage, in terms of quality, the domestically-manufactured CNC system has an MTBF (Mean Time to Failure) of 10,000 hours, while the international level has reached 80,000 hours.
China's equipment manufacturing companies lack core technologies and the number of patents is small. According to data from the European Patent Office, in the field of general equipment, there are only 89 items in China, far below 890 in Japan, 1,278 in Germany, and 2,229 in the United States; Japan, Germany, and the United States are involved in electrical equipment and energy supply, instrumentation, and transportation equipment. The number of patents is more than 1,000 items, while China has only a hundred items, and the gap is larger. In addition, as the number of patent applications has become an important indicator of performance evaluation, while the number of patents has increased, the quality has been declining. Most of them are utility model patents.
There is a serious shortage of high-quality compound talents in China's equipment manufacturing industry. From the perspective of management and management, there is a lack of foreseeable leaders and high-level research and development, market development, financial management and other specialized personnel; from the perspective of the workforce, there are many junior technicians, fewer senior technicians, and more traditional technicians. The phenomenon of fewer modern technicians, more skilled workers with multiple skills, and fewer composite technicians affects the improvement of industrial technology.
In addition, multinational corporations rely on their strong R&D strength to increase investment in Chinese university personnel training. This talent penetration strategy is not conducive to the development of the successor talent of Chinese enterprises, and affects the safety of the equipment manufacturing industry.
At the same time, the level of integration between the two manufacturing industries in China is low, and smart manufacturing has a short board. The development of informatization between regions, industries, and enterprises in China is unbalanced. Some companies have conducted intelligent exploration, but a large number of factories are still in the industrial 2.0 stage. Intelligent hardware and software lack independent research and development technology, and high-end sensors, operating systems, and key components mainly depend on imports. It has lagged behind the global overall level in promoting digital and process integration transformation of big data, which has hindered the development of smart manufacturing to some extent.
The R&D and production of high-end numerical control systems in China are still in a relatively backward situation. For example, precision CNC system can achieve micron-level precision interpolation, and CNC systems of Fanuc, Mitsubishi and Siemens are all nano-level interpolations or nanometers. Operational accuracy. The mainstream industrial software for global product lifecycle management was developed by Siemens AG, PTC and Dassault, France. China lacks independent intellectual property rights and is at a disadvantage.
Lack of safety awareness and inadequate protection of industrial big data. At present, under the background of vigorously developing intelligent manufacturing in China and highly emphasizing the information security of industrial networks, no corresponding attention has been paid to sensors, lasers, and the data security problems they carry. In the United States and the European Union’s dual-use items control list, “sensors and lasers†are separately classified into one category. For example, there are 57 items in the United States and 33 in the EU, while our country only meets the requirements of nuclear suppliers. Control of items (photomultiplier tubes, scanning cameras and imaging equipment and technology, velocity interferometers).
The developed countries have increased their control over China and have affected the security of China’s defense industry. After the export control reform, the overall U.S. regulation was relaxed, but China’s discriminatory practices and controls on China have never relaxed and tightened. For example, deregulated satellites and related products cannot be exported or re-exported. Export to China or launch in China. The United States also monitors the end-users of end-users of multinational companies in China and the ultimate use of items for export, monitors the export, re-export, and domestic transfer items of Chinese branches, and accepts “on-site investigations†by US personnel.
Related suggestions
In view of the large number of products and technologies involved in equipment manufacturing in the European and US control lists, it is particularly urgent for the relevant departments in Europe and the United States to relax controls in the context of China’s vigorous development of the equipment manufacturing industry. Urging foreign deregulation can allow China's industry to accelerate the acquisition and mastery of foreign advanced and cutting-edge technologies and promote the rapid development of China's industries. At the same time, foreign companies and non-governmental organizations have been used to exert pressure on the government to accelerate the export of commercialized technology to China.
Strengthen the key core technology research, focus on breaking through the bottleneck of national defense and social and economic security, and take the core core components (components), key basic materials, and advanced basic processes as the breakthrough points for upgrading: Establish a functional component development alliance to overcome key zeroes Component technology and industrialization, breaking through the basic bottlenecks in the development of key areas; to promote the development of hydraulic components, bearings and other functional components in the form of national funds, in the cross-industry technology areas such as numerical control units and sensors, forming the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain A new model of integrated organization that integrates symbiosis, division of labor, and benefit-sharing.
Establish a multi-level human resource development system that meets the needs of smart manufacturing. We will vigorously develop vocational education, continuing education, vocational skills training, etc., and cultivate and produce application-oriented engineering talents with a high level of literacy. We will preserve, restore, and develop characteristic industrial engineering counterparts with the industrial “four basics†and will build industrial software and its platforms. Rise to national strategy. Encourage key enterprises, private enterprises and qualified colleges and universities to develop synergies and educate people, cultivate applied talents with “artisan spiritâ€, and consolidate the talent base for smart manufacturing.
In the digital transformation of traditional equipment, fully aware of the importance of sensors for data monitoring and transmission, through the government's first purchase, ordering and purchasing services to support domestic innovative products. To establish the "three-country" concept of "domestic intelligent equipment", "domestic-made numerical control system" and "domestic industrial software", enterprises that involve national security must first purchase domestic industrial software and services.
Promote the independent R&D and industrialization of intelligent manufacturing key equipment and core software, and increase the control of the core link of the value chain. Strengthen the support for the basic research of intelligent manufacturing software and hardware, break through the key core technologies that restrict the development of smart manufacturing, promote cooperation among officials, production, schools, research and development, and establish industrial innovation alliances to accelerate the development of China's smart manufacturing standards. Industrial software, in particular, the development and application of smart manufacturing operating systems; research and development of key technologies and equipment such as industrial robots, additive manufacturing equipment, intelligent sensing and control equipment with independent intellectual property rights, and comprehensively enhancing the industrialization level of smart manufacturing.
We will increase financial support for structural reforms on the supply side and steady growth, structural adjustment, and efficiency gains for the equipment manufacturing industry. Specific financial policies include guiding financial institutions to increase their financial reserves through differential reserves, interest rates, refinancing, and rediscounting. Support for equipment manufacturing companies.
Although China’s equipment companies have created some brand products in the fields of automobile manufacturing, power generation equipment and general machinery, they still lack strong reputation and influence in the international market. In the “going out†process, companies must establish responsible and respected companies.
1. When guests stay in the store, they only need to register at the front desk, and after completing the procedures, they will get a valid stay time proximity card. The guest can open his room freely when he gets the key with the house number, without having to open the door through the waiter.
2. Guests can rest assured to put their items in the room when they go out, and when guests return to the hotel, they can open the square tongue when they move in the room. At this time, it is safer. The floor attendant cannot open the door lock without the guest's permission (available in unexpected situations) Emergency card opened);
3. The hotel can use the data card to extract the door opening record in the lock and print it out as evidence to judge the authenticity of the accident. The smart card key is a multi-encryption key, which overcomes the characteristics of mechanical keys that are easy to copy and not portable, and is safer and more reliable for the hotel and guests.
4. Scientific and scientific hotel management. There are more than ten types of hotel smart card management systems, with different function cards, which can conveniently implement hotel management and improve the economic benefits of the hotel.
5. People who are away from home will give priority to choosing hotels with good image, sense of security and convenience when staying; smart card door locks can provide guests with the above enjoyment, bringing a continuous source of customers to the hotel, in real life hotels There may be situations where the guest`s stay is overdue and the deposit is insufficient or the room escape fee is maliciously owed, causing both parties to be unhappy or even friction with the guest, which will cause economic losses to the hotel and affect the hotel`s reputation to a certain extent;
6. The "effective stay time" of the smart card door lock can solve this problem well and clear your worries. The smart card key issued to the guest by the smart card electronic lock of our store cannot be copied, and the confidentiality is strong. The guest opens the door by himself without having to go through the floor attendant, which can greatly reduce the staff expenses of the hotel attendant and the corresponding comprehensive expenses.
China's equipment manufacturing industry is facing new hidden dangers
With the gradual application and promotion of new technologies in the field of equipment and the introduction of advanced manufacturing returns in developed countries, China's equipment manufacturing industry is facing new hidden dangers. If it is unable to make up for shortcomings in time, it will create new problems in industrial safety.