A popular saying a few years ago: the freight from Guangzhou to Beijing is higher than the freight that China shipped to the United States. It is unclear whether this absolute price has changed, but one fact that has not changed is that China's logistics costs remain high.
“In China, logistics costs account for 30% to 40% of the cost of enterprises, while developed countries only account for 10% to 15%.” Xu Guanju, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, vice chairman of the National Federation of Industry and Commerce, and chairman of the Chuanhua Group.
The China Purchasing Development Report (2014) issued by the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing last year (hereinafter referred to as the “Report”) shows that the total cost of social logistics in China in 2013 was 10.2 trillion yuan, accounting for 18% of GDP, which is 8.5. More than 2 times more than %.
If manufacturing is the backbone of economic strength, then logistics is the maintenance of the arteries of the economy. "Only when transportation is the first to modernize, it is possible to lead other industries to modernization at a higher level." Wang Ming, deputy director of the Comprehensive Transportation Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that the logistics industry should seize the opportunity of the "Belt and Road" and develop and upgrade.
High logistics costs “The ratio of total social logistics costs to GDP in China is around 18% per year, 6.5 percentage points higher than the global average.” Xu Guanju said.
According to the "Report", China's total social logistics expenditure is not only higher than that of the developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and Germany, but also higher than that of the BRICS countries whose economic development level is basically the same, for example, India is 13%. Brazil is 11.6%.
It is understood that the proportion of total social logistics expenses to GDP is a measure of logistics efficiency. The lower the proportion, the less the logistics resources per unit of GDP consumption, the higher the logistics efficiency, and the stronger the overall competitiveness of the country's economy.
According to the report, in developed countries, logistics costs account for 10% to 15% of the final cost of finished products. In developing countries, various inefficiencies lead to a significant increase in logistics costs, accounting for 15% to 25% of the cost of finished products. high. For Chinese manufacturers, logistics costs are as high as 30% to 40% of production costs.
High logistics costs undermine the competitiveness of companies. Xu Guanju introduced: "China's industrial enterprise logistics costs accounted for 9.1% of product sales, 4 percentage points higher than Japan. In 2013, China's more than 350,000 industrial enterprises above designated size achieved a total revenue of 102.9 trillion yuan, achieving a total profit of 6.3. Trillion yuan. According to the 9.1% logistics cost rate, only industrial enterprises above designated size consume 9.4 trillion yuan in logistics costs."
Xu Guanju said that in the investigation, Zhuang Liguo, manager of the logistics department of Hangzhou Qianjiang Compressor Co., Ltd., told him that the manufacturing enterprises should invest money to build a large amount of storage and storage of raw materials and finished products; on the other hand, due to poor logistics information and lack of effective Scheduling, causing problems such as passive pressure storage. "The unsmooth flow of logistics is like having high blood lipids. The blood vessels are full of rubbish, the blood is not smooth, and the enterprise is easy to get into trouble." Logistics costs squeeze the profit space of enterprises, making enterprises able to invest in innovative funds.
“The logistics cost is high, the enterprise efficiency is low, and the investment that can be used for R&D technology is low.” Xu Guanju said that under the new economic normal, the low efficiency of logistics operation is still an important factor affecting the efficiency of resource allocation and the transformation of the national economy. bottleneck.
According to the calculation of China's 63.6 trillion GDP in 2014, the total cost of social logistics is as high as 11.4 trillion yuan. If the efficiency of logistics operations is improved, even if this ratio is only reduced by one percentage point, the annual economic benefits will be increased by more than 600 billion yuan. ”
"By improving the level of modern logistics and supply chain management, and reducing the logistics cost rate of enterprises by 2 percentage points, the economic benefits of enterprises can be increased by more than 200 billion yuan. This will greatly enhance the competitiveness of enterprises and promote the transformation of enterprises themselves and China's economy. upgrade."
Low level of logistics capability “A decade ago, we had an expert who said that China has a highway infrastructure that meets European and American standards, but road transport is at the African level.” Wang Ming said.
At present, China's logistics system includes roads, railways, air transport, water transport and other forms, but the most important is road transport. “The road logistics, which accounts for more than 75% of the total freight volume, is the main body.” Xu Guanju introduced.
The reason for the low efficiency of logistics, in addition to the unreasonable industrial layout, the long-distance transportation, large-scale transportation of goods, and the unscientific connection between the supply, production and sales of enterprises, and the increase of storage costs, in the view of Xu Guanju, freight demand and transportation resources Failure to get effective integration and matching is an important reason. “The average effective mileage of a truck in the United States is 1000 kilometers per day. However, due to the long time of finding and distributing goods, the freight rate of our trucks is over 40%, and the effective mileage is only 300 kilometers per day.”
In the eyes of the industry, this phenomenon is due to the organization, specialization and low degree of informatization of China's logistics industry. The pattern of logistics enterprises with multiple, small, scattered and weak has always existed. According to the statistics of the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, as of 2013, China's road freight transport business operators exceeded 7.2 million, with an average of 1.55 vehicles per principal, 90% of which were small and medium-sized enterprises, accounting for 90%. The above-mentioned road cargo transportation business, the business model is mostly traditional bicycle cargo transportation, the management method is simple, and the supply capacity of the goods is poor.
Xu Guanju’s proposal on accelerating the development of a modern logistics system armed with informatization to promote economic transformation and upgrading pointed out that the highway port has great significance in promoting the inter-connectivity of the “Belt and Road” region. The construction of the “Belt and Road” cannot be separated from the new Silk Road. It is the basis of the station; it is recommended to further clarify the public infrastructure attributes of the highway port city logistics center, and include the highway port city logistics center in the national strategic planning and urban development planning.
Xu Guanju said that in the process of the proposal investigation, Huang Quanjun, general manager of Chengdu Zhonghao Logistics Co., Ltd. told him that in the past, logistics companies were similar to guerrillas. They were in the suburbs all the year round, and there were many people in the car. The conditions of the station were also very bad. "There is no single business, and the competition with other companies is very fierce. It is often deliberately pressing down prices and vicious competition. The way to find goods is simply outdated, it wastes a lot of time, and often goes to an unfamiliar place and needs to return empty."
The drivers said that due to information asymmetry and increased competition, his days are not good. Liu Tao, a long-distance freight driver who accepted Xu Guanju’s research, said that in the past, there were fewer truck drivers. The market was “the boss looking for a driver”. The price is basically the driver’s decision; now it’s “the driver is looking for the boss”, the price is very low, you Some people run without running.
Building a strong logistics country "China's highway system is the earliest open market, but in the past 30 years, road transport has not gained efficiency from the market." Wang Ming said.
"For a long time, China's highway logistics industry lacks a complete functional infrastructure network layout, informationized command and dispatch system, market integrity system and standardized service system, which leads to the fact that despite the rapid development of traffic network, logistics efficiency is still stagnating. Question." Xu Guanju said.
"The logistics infrastructure network lacks scientific planning and rational layout, lacks the true urban logistics center, and the linkage between roads, railways, waterways, aviation and other modes of transportation is uncoordinated, increasing the cost of transit." Xu Guanju said. The industry believes that the linkage uncoordinated is due to too many competent departments, artificially split the transportation process, resulting in lack of linkage, linkage, and inefficiency among various transportation links.
The "Decision of the State Council on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries" issued in 2010 proposed to accelerate the development of modern logistics industry. In 2014, the State Council executive meeting adopted the "Medium and Long-term Plan for Logistics Industry Development" to identify 12 key projects and propose to 2020. In the year, we will basically establish a modern logistics service system, improve the standardization, informationization, intelligence, and intensification of the logistics industry, and improve the overall efficiency and efficiency of the economy.
In 2013, President Xi Jinping proposed the strategic concept of building the “New Silk Road Economic Belt” and the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”. Yan Shuhai, deputy director of the Economic and Trade Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, believes that with the strategic development of the “Belt and Road” and the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the logistics industry will enter a new stage of strategic development.
Xu Guanju introduced that the highway port city logistics center built by Chuanhua Group can link logistics enterprises, social vehicles and cargo owners organically through online and offline platforms, and dock with other transportation methods to achieve more efficient logistics supply and demand. match.
In 2013, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the Ministry of Transport jointly issued a notice requesting the promotion of the “road port” logistics experience.
However, according to foreign media reports, the "road port" is still in the stage of low profit operation. Xu Guanju said that this is a livelihood project and a national project. He hopes that the state can further clarify the public infrastructure properties of the highway port city logistics center and improve related supporting policies.
Wang Ming said that consumption based on domestic demand is now taking shape, and the domestic network layout will become a place for competition among various platform-type enterprises. “The logistics market structure will change, and 100 billion logistics companies will be produced within three years.”
He suggested that logistics enterprises should make full use of Internet IoT technology to create business models and industrial ecology, and take the domestic demand as a breakthrough in scale and network development, and change the model of price competition. "With the "One Belt, One Road" as an opportunity, the logistics industry should expand and upgrade, participate in national strategic construction, and find better development opportunities. The government should be the patron saint of the market to ensure fair competition, and other should be handed over to enterprises. To the business."

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