Barite belongs to crystal rock science, its chemical composition and development and utilization have great significance and have a wide range of industrial uses.

About barite barite chemical Chinese name: barite Main components: pure appearance and traits: white orthorhombic crystal.

English name of chemicals: Barite Chinese name: barite quartz text name: barium sulfate Molecular formula: molecular weight of BaSO4: 233.39 chemical composition: BaO: 65.7%, SO3: 34.3%. There are Sr, Pb and Ca isomorphisms in the composition.

Barite is the most common mineral of strontium, and its composition is barium sulphate. Produced in the epithermal veins, such as quartz - vein barite, fluorite - barite mai, often with galena, sphalerite, yellow copper ore, cinnabar symbiotic. The barite deposits produced in Hunan, Guangxi, Qinghai and Jiangxi in China are mostly large hydrothermal single mineral veins. Barite also produced in sedimentary rocks, nodule occurs, there is more shallow and the deposition of manganese deposits muddy, sandy sedimentary rocks. In the residual clay cover of the weathered residual deposit, it is often knotted and massive. The crystals of the barite have a large tubular shape, and the crystals are gathered together to form a rose-shaped or bifurcated ingot, which is called a crown-like barite. Pure barite is colorless and transparent, generally white, light yellow, with a glass luster. Barite can be used as a white pigment (commonly known as lithopone) and can also be used in chemical, paper, textile fillers, which act as a flux and increase the brightness of the glass in glass production. But the most important thing is to use it as a weighting agent in the drilling industry and to refine it.

Barite is barium sulfate (BaSO 4) non-metallic minerals as a main component, barite substantially pure white, glossy, and the influence of impurities mixing was also often has a gray, pale red, pale yellow, etc., Barite, which is quite well crystallized, can also appear as a transparent crystal.

The barite has a hardness of 3 to 3.5 (Mohs) and a specific gravity of 4.3 to 4.7, and has the characteristics of large specific gravity, low hardness, and brittleness.

Barite is chemically stable, insoluble in water and hydrochloric acid, non-magnetic and toxic.

I. Development of Barite The use of barite is an important non-metallic mineral raw material with a wide range of industrial uses.

1. Drilling mud weighting agent: When drilling some oil wells and gas wells, the drilling mud and clay generally used have a specific gravity of about 25, and the specific gravity of water is 1. Therefore, the mud weight is low, and sometimes the mud weight cannot be balanced with the underground oil and gas pressure. , causing a blowout accident. In the case of high underground pressure, it is necessary to increase the specific gravity of the mud. Adding barite powder to the mud is an effective measure to increase the specific gravity of the mud. The barite used for drilling mud generally has a fineness of more than 325 mesh. If the fineness of the barite is insufficient, precipitation is likely to occur. The barite for drilling mud requires a specific gravity of more than 4.2, the BaSO4 content is not less than 95%, and the soluble salt is less than 1%.

2, zinc bismuth white pigment: zinc bismuth white is a commonly used high-quality white pigment, can be used as a raw material for paints and paints. The mixture of barium sulfate and barium sulfide (BaS) can be reduced by using a reducing agent, and then a mixture of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide obtained by reacting with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) (70% of BaSO4 and 30% of ZnS) is zinc barium. White pigment. The preparation of zinc-white barite requires a BaSO4 content of greater than 95% and should not contain visible colored impurities.

3. Various antimony compounds: Quartz can be used as raw materials to produce chemical raw materials such as antimony oxide, antimony carbonate, antimony chloride, antimony nitrate, precipitated barium sulfate and barium hydroxide.

Chemically pure barium sulfate is the standard for measuring whiteness; barium carbonate is an important raw material for optical glass, which introduces BaO into glass, thereby increasing the refractive index of glass and improving other optical properties; Barium chloride is an agricultural pesticide; barium nitrate is used in the fireworks and glass industries; barium permanganate is a green pigment.

4. Barite for filler industry: In the paint industry, barite powder filler can increase the thickness, strength and durability of paint film. Zinc antimony pigments are also used in the manufacture of white paints, which have more advantages than lead white and magnesium white. Barite used in the paint industry requires sufficient fineness and high whiteness.

The paper industry, rubber and plastics industries also use barite as a filler, which improves the hardness, wear resistance and aging resistance of rubber and plastics.

Barite fillers for rubber and papermaking generally require BaSO4 to be greater than 98% and CaO to be less than 0.36%. Magnesium oxide, lead and other components are not allowed.

5. Mineralizer for cement industry: The use of barite and fluorite composite mineralizer in cement production has obvious effects on promoting C3S formation and activation of C3S. The quality of clinker has been improved, and the early strength of cement is about Increasing 20 to 25%, the late strength is increased by about 10%, and the clinker firing temperature is lowered from 1450 ° C to 1300 ± 50 ° C. When the amount of barite is 0.8 to 1.5%, the effect is the best. In the production of white cement, after the barite and fluorite composite mineralizer, the firing temperature is lowered from 1500 °C to 1400 °C, the free CaO content is low, and the strength and whiteness are improved. In coal gangue material as the cement raw meal by adding an appropriate amount of barite, can cement clinker is lower than the saturation intensity, especially early strength has been greatly improved, which for the utilization of gangue, for the production of Low calcium, energy saving, early strength and high strength cement provide a beneficial way.

6. Anti-radiation cement, mortar and concrete: using barite to absorb X-rays, using barite as enamel cement, barite mortar and barite concrete, instead of metal lead plate shielding nuclear reactor and construction Research, hospital anti-X-ray buildings.

Tantalum cement is made of barite and clay as the main raw material. After sintering, the clinker composed of dimuth silicate as the main mineral is added, and the appropriate amount of gypsum is added to grind together. The specific gravity is higher than that of ordinary Portland cement, which can reach 4.7-5.2. The strength number is 325-425. Due to the large specific gravity of the concrete, it can be combined with heavy aggregates (such as barite) to form a uniform and dense anti-X-ray concrete.

Barite mortar is a kind of mortar with large bulk density and barrier effect on X-rays. It is generally required to use Portland cement with low hydration heat. Commonly used cement: barite powder: barite sand: coarse sand The ratio is 1:025:25:1. Barite is a greater volume weight concrete, concrete has an X-ray shielding ability of the gelling materials are generally low heat of hydration of Portland cement or a high aluminum cement, cement, barium, strontium, special cement and cement. Portland cement is the most widely used. The commonly used cement: barite crushed barite: water mixture ratio is 1:454:34:05; 1:544:446:0 6; 1:5:3  8:0  2 three.

Anti-rays do barite mortar and concrete, BaSO4 content should be not less than 80%, the gypsum contained therein, pyrite, sulfides and sulfates and other impurities should not exceed 7%.

7. Road construction: Rubber and asphalt mixture containing about 10% barite have been successfully used in parking lots and are a durable paving material. At present, the tires of heavy road construction equipment have been partially filled with barite to increase the weight and facilitate the compaction of the filling area.

8. Others: The barite and the oil are blended and applied to the cloth base to make the tarpaulin; the barite powder is used to refine the kerosene; the digestive tract contrast agent is used in the pharmaceutical industry; the pesticide, the leather, the fireworks and the like can also be prepared. In addition, barite is also used as an extraction metal crucible for use as a getter and binder for televisions and other vacuum tubes. It is alloyed with other metals (aluminum, magnesium, lead, calcium) for bearing manufacturing.

Temporal and Spatial Distribution, Metallogenic Regularity and Deposit Type of Double Barite Deposits China's barite deposits have been produced in various geological times, mainly in the Cambrian, Devonian, Ordovician and Mesozoic strata. Layered barite deposits are mainly concentrated in the Cambrian, followed by the Devonian. The vein deposits are prolific in the Ordovician, Devonian and Triassic. The layered barite deposit is mainly produced in the tectonic active fold belt (zone) and the deep water basin in the platform area. The veined barite deposit is mainly produced in the carbonate platform of the carbonate rock platform with relatively stable geological structure.

The total scale of the Lower Cambrian layered deposits in the Chinese barite deposit is very large. The spatial relationship between the layered deposit and the active large fault of the same sediment is also obvious, indicating that the deposit is closely related to the structure. The veined barite ore is filled in medium and small faults and fissures and is obviously controlled by structure.

The sedimentary basins forming barite have a close relationship with mineralization. The latter type is a deeper reductive still water basin with fine sediment particles, low carbonate content and high organic matter content, forming a layered deposit. The other basin is a shallow, oxidized, turbulent basin dominated by clastic rocks and shallow water carbonate deposits. This basin forms a mineralized layer containing Ba in the sedimentary period, but it can only be integrated into the vein deposits under the later geological transformation.

The ore-bearing rock series of barite deposits also have their own characteristics. The ore-bearing rocks of layered deposits are clastic rocks and siliceous rocks with organic matter, and have an ocular structure; the surrounding rocks of veined barite deposits are often Carbonate-bearing carbonate rocks and clastic rocks in the early stages of deposition generally have obvious silicification alterations. Both layered and veined barite are closely related to SiO2.

The mineral composition of the barite deposit is fairly uniform and the chemical composition is simple and stable. The mineral combination of layered barite deposits is mainly barite, quartz and clay minerals. The main minerals in the mineral combination of veined barite deposits are barite, quartz and carbonate.

Deposit Types China's barite deposits are divided into four types: layered, layered-vein-shaped, modified veined and stacked. The layered barite deposit is controlled by the stratum and facies. Most of the veined barite deposits are mostly related to strata in a certain period. In some areas, both layered barite deposits and veined barite deposits are produced in strata of the same era.

(1) Layered barite deposits Layered barite deposits are produced in a certain geological age, strictly controlled by stratum and lithology, and the ore bodies are layered, layered and lenticularly integrated in sedimentary strata. The ore has a distinct sedimentary structure and structure.

China's major large and extra-large layered barite deposits are mainly concentrated in the Cambrian, followed by the Devonian, and concentrated in the Qinling and South China. The layered barite deposit can be a Qinling fold belt with strong crustal activity and a strong southeast coastal fold belt. It can also be a relatively stable platform depression on both sides of the Jiangnan ancient land, but both are deep water. The semi-deep water stagnant hydrostatic reducing basin has high organic matter content.

The ore-bearing strata of layered barite is mainly composed of fine clastic rocks with an ocular structure, a massive barite in the core, stripe-like and strip-shaped barite on both sides, and siliceous rocks on the outside. The outermost layer is fine clastic rock.

The layered barite deposit is closely related to the deep fault zone. For example, the Gongxi mining area in Xinxiang, Hunan is located near the active large fault that controls the sudden change of the lithofacies. Some mines have obvious volcanic eruptions and submerged volcanic veins.

The ore minerals of the layered barite deposits are mostly single barite. The types and contents of trace elements in barite rock and its related siliceous rocks are rare, while the fine clastic rocks are rich in trace elements and have fixed element combinations such as P, V, Mo and U. The barite and its surrounding rock have high organic matter content, which is mainly formed by lower plankton, which indicates that the sedimentary environment is a deep, stagnant still water-reducing basin.

(ii) Layered-vein-like barite deposits Such barite deposits refer to both layered barite deposits and veined barite deposits in the stratigraphic strata within the mine area, both deposits Industrial significance, and has close genesis and spatial connection, is the different manifestation of the same metallogenic process in different environments. Such as Guangxi Laibin and Guangxi Xiangzhou barite ore field (bed).

Among the orefields consisting of several deposits within a mining area or the same sedimentary basin, there are layered barite or vein barite ore in the same geological age. In space, the layered ore layer is located above, the veined ore layer is below, and the range of the vein-like ore distribution is substantially no more than the layer of the layered ore. The layered ore has a close genetic relationship with the mineral composition, ore structure and structure of the vein mineral, and shows the trend of system evolution. The stratified ore and vein minerals have the same physicochemical and chemical conditions, and have a regular relationship with the geological environment. In short, layered ore and vein minerals are different manifestations of uniform mineralization.

(iii) Reconstructed veined barite deposits The modified veined barite deposits refer to barite and symbiotic minerals along various structural fissures and non-structural fractures such as fracture zones, faults and bedding planes for filling and accounting. Forming an irregularly shaped deposit.

China's modified vein-like barite deposits have been produced in various geological times, and there are various types of ore-bearing surrounding rocks, which are important for depositing veined barite deposits in carbonate rocks and clastic rocks. The modified veined barite deposits are often distributed in groups, with numerous veins and limited size of individual veins. Because it is easy to find and identify, easy to pick and choose, it is convenient for rural collective mining. It is still the main mining object in China, and the output is very considerable, but the degree of geological research is low.

From the Middle and Neoproterozoic to the Triassic, China's carbonate rocks are very developed, forming large-scale distribution of thick carbonate rocks. Many provinces (regions) have heavy crystals produced in carbonate rocks. Stone deposits, among which the most important ones are the Ordovician in Henan, the Cambrian-Ordovician in the southeastern Sichuan, the Ordovician in the southeastern Sichuan, the Devonian-Carboniferous in Guangdong, the Triassic in the Triassic in Sichuan and Guizhou. Mineral deposit.

(iv) Deposited barite deposits and barite deposits associated with other ore deposits are barite deposits produced in unconsolidated loose sediments. Many barite deposits in China, especially carbonates and clastic rocks, are deposits of ore-bearing surrounding rocks. There are many deposit-type barite deposits in the loose sediments nearby. This deposit is formed by the original bedrock deposit in situ or by short-distance transportation through modern weathering. Representative deposits such as Gulangling, Huojialing and Shangshan in Xiangzhousi Village, Guangxi.

Barite is often associated with many metal and non-metallic deposits. Some barites are relatively enriched and may even constitute separate ore bodies. In general, these barite minerals or circles that are dispersed in the main ore ore are present. The barite ore body does not have a separate mining value, but it can be comprehensively recycled when the main mine is mined. Representative deposits such as the associated barite ore of the Jingtieshan iron deposit in Gansu.

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