As an important content of the energy conservation and environmental protection industry, which is the first of seven strategic emerging industries, the remanufacturing industry has received unprecedented attention in the past year. In May 2010, 11 ministries, including the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Science and Technology, issued the "Opinions on Promoting the Development of Remanufacturing Industries." A blink of an eye has passed. How is China's remanufacturing industry developing?

Citi think tank (directly under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China Electronic Information Industry Development Research Institute) Ji Libin, deputy director of the Institute of Industrial Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Dr. Li Boyang believes that although China's remanufacturing industry started late, but the development momentum is good, it has become One of the world's important remanufacturing centers, and has made great progress in basic theoretical research and technology application and development.

“But compared with the remanufactured industries in developed countries such as Europe, the United States and Japan, the development of China’s remanufacturing industry is still in its infancy. There are deficiencies in policies, standards, technologies, and understanding. How to learn from advanced experience, combined with the actual conditions, and better Rapidly promoting the healthy and sustainable development of the remanufacturing industry deserves our in-depth consideration.” Ji Libin and Li Boyang stated.

The overall development trend of the remanufacturing industry is better

Remanufacturing refers to a batch production process that professionally rehabilitates used auto parts, construction machinery, machine tools, etc. It is an advanced form of circular economy “reuse”, and its products can achieve the same quality and performance as the original new products. At present, the shortage of resources, lack of energy resources, and aggravated environmental burden have become the bottleneck of the global economic development. At the same time, a large number of waste electrical and mechanical products are becoming the world's fastest growing waste, causing serious modern waste pollution, waste of resources, and security risks. Remanufacturing realizes the industrialization of high-tech repair and transformation of used products, and is an effective way to promote comprehensive utilization of resources and environmental protection. Compared with manufacturing new products, remanufacturing can save energy by 60%, save materials by 70%, and reduce the emission of air pollutants by more than 80%. This has important practical significance for achieving energy-saving emission reduction targets and reducing CO2 emission intensity.

Ji Libin and Li Boyang stated that although China's remanufacturing industry started late, it has a good momentum of development, mainly in the following three aspects:

First, the policy environment continues to improve. In 2005, the State Council promulgated the "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Circular Economy" clearly stated that it supports the development of remanufacturing. In 2008, the National Development and Reform Commission approved 14 companies, including FAW, SAIC, and Weichai, as "trial and remanufacturing pilot enterprises for auto parts and components." In 2009, the "Circular Economy Promotion Law" clearly stated that "the state supports enterprises to develop remanufacturing of motor vehicle parts, engineering machinery, machine tools and other products." In May 2010, 11 ministries and commissions including the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Science and Technology issued the “Opinions on Promoting the Development of Remanufacturing Industries”, further clarifying the path and related measures for the development of China’s remanufacturing industry from a macro perspective. . A series of plans such as the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development” have made the development of remanufacturing industries an important part. The introduction of various related laws and policies and plans has created a good external environment for the development of the remanufacturing industry.

Second, the pilot results of remanufacturing began to show. The pilot promoted the development of the industry, and the pilot work of the auto parts remanufacturing industry achieved remarkable results. By the end of 2009, it had formed a remanufacturing capacity of 230,000 sets of automobile engines, transmissions, steering gears, and generators, and had made active efforts in exploring old parts recycling, remanufacturing production, remanufacturing product circulation systems, and regulatory measures. Progress has been made in the remanufacturing of construction machinery and machine tools. Pilots gave birth to specialized companies and effectively increased the degree of specialization in the remanufacturing industry. In 2008, there were nearly 30 remanufactured companies in the machinery product field, such as the two-steam Cummins engine remanufacturing company and the Guangxi Yuchai engine remanufacturing company. The company’s production capacity was continuously enhanced, and it was the largest automobile engine remanufacturing enterprise in China. Fuqiang Power Co., Ltd. has now reached an annual production capacity of 25,000 remanufactured engines.

Third, progress has been made in research on remanufacturing theory and key technologies. In terms of technology, we have developed a number of key remanufacturing technologies, such as automated nanoparticle composite brush plating technology, which have reached the international advanced level. In terms of theoretical basis, the method for calculating the residual stress of the coating was perfected, and the life prediction and evaluation model was preliminarily established. Many domestic research institutes have carried out in-depth research on the basics of remanufacturing, such as the National Defense Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Equipment Remanufacturing Technology of the Armored Forces Engineering Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Hefei University of Technology, Shandong University, Lanzhou Institute of Chemicals, etc.

Inadequacies in policies, standards, technologies, etc.

At present, the scale of the global remanufacturing industry has exceeded US$100 billion, and remanufacturing has become an important industry in developed countries. Among them, the U.S. remanufacturing industry is the largest, with an output value of more than 75 billion U.S. dollars, 73,000 companies, automobile and construction machinery accounting for more than two thirds, and the remanufacturing of weapons systems is an important feature. For example, the B2 and B52 strategic bombers were twice Remanufactured, can serve until 2030. Japan's remanufacturing of construction machinery has reached the world's leading level, about 60% of products are used by Japanese domestic users, 30% are exported abroad, and the rest are disassembled and sold as accessories. Germany's automobile remanufacturing is a key development field. By 2004, Volkswagen AG had rebuilt 7,480,000 sets of automobile engines and 2.4 million sets of transmissions. The ratio of remanufactured engines and accessories and new machines sold by the company reached 9?1.

“Compared with the remanufacturing industries in developed countries such as Europe, the United States and Japan, there are still many deficiencies in the development of China's remanufacturing industry,” said Ji Libin and Li Boyang.

First of all, the relevant laws and regulations and standards system is not perfect. The policy environment for the development of remanufactured industries in developed countries is good. The government has formulated a relatively complete legal and policy system in terms of old parts recycling, product production and sales, and actively guided industrial development and market application. For example, in terms of law, the United States stipulates that auto parts can be reused without affecting normal use as long as they have not reached the total number of years of scrapping. For example, the law on the recycling of used tires was introduced in 1991; in terms of standards, the American Society of Automotive Engineers Relevant standards have become the basis for the formulation of remanufactured industry standards; in terms of publicity and guidance, the U.S. government has urged commercial organizations to devote themselves to the recycling of products while encouraging consumers to purchase remanufactured products.

“In our country, the existing laws and regulations have not yet formed a system, and the necessary standards have not yet been introduced, which has, to a great extent, constrained the development of China’s remanufacturing industry. The absence of two key standards for scrapping standards and product quality standards is not conducive to remanufacturing. Industry norms, healthy development." Ji Libin, Li Boyang said.

Second, the management system of the remanufacturing industry is not perfect. The guidance documents for China's remanufacturing process technology and equipment catalogs have not yet been formed, and there are insufficient supporting incentives to promote the recycling of remanufactured old parts, sales of remanufactured products, etc., and the establishment of a standardized industry management system has brought a series of drawbacks, such as old parts. Sources and product sales channels are poor, business management is not high, and product quality is uneven.

Third, the overall level of remanufacturing technology is not high. Although China has made some progress in the research and development of some remanufacturing technologies, the overall remanufacturing industry started late, the level of research and application of core and common technologies is not high, the degree of industrialization is relatively low, and there are still relatively large compared with developed countries. gap. According to Ji Libin and Li Boyang, the development of remanufacturing technology in developed countries such as Europe, the United States and Japan has matured after years of development, mainly in two aspects: First, remanufacturing design, focusing on important design elements such as demolition performance, types of parts materials, design structures, and Research on fastening methods, etc.; Second, remanufacturing and processing. For mechanical products, the performance of parts is mainly restored through replacement parts repair method and dimensional repair method (repairing the surface dimensions of mismatched parts to the extent that they can be fitted). .

Fourth, the scope of remanufactured products is small. China is a big country in the production and consumption of industrial products. At present, it has entered the peak period of scrapping of mechanical equipment and household appliances. It has an annual report of about 5 million wasted cars, discarded 50 million computers, televisions, and refrigerators, and scrapped 100 million mobile phones each year. Product waste generated is at least tens of millions of tons. The Citi think tank found through investigation that China is a manufacturing country with a wide range of products suitable for remanufacturing. However, progress has only been made in the remanufacturing of some auto parts, and the remanufacturing of construction machinery and machine tools has just started. It is an important national defense equipment. Remanufacturing in the area of ​​electronics and electronics is basically blank. .

Fifth, there is insufficient understanding of the remanufacturing industry. Industrial development is in its infancy, and remanufacturing as a new concept has not been widely recognized by consumers and society. Propaganda and consumer guidance have been insufficient, and the industrial market base has been unstable.

Remanufacturing industry needs five major supporting measures

Ji Libin and Li Boyang believe that the remanufacturing industry is a related and systematic industry, and foreign development experience shows that relying on the manufacturing industry base, strengthening supporting service capabilities is the basic requirement for the development of the remanufacturing industry. In order to accelerate the standardization and large-scale development of China's remanufacturing industry, the following supporting measures must be taken:

The first is to formulate and improve relevant laws, regulations and standards systems, and optimize the policy environment for the development of remanufacturing. It is recommended that the state study and formulate special laws and regulations for remanufacturing, gradually improve relevant laws and regulations, support industry associations and related companies in the development of quality standards for old parts recycling and remanufacturing products, improve the legal responsibility system for industrial development, and introduce a system of producer responsibility extension. Establish enterprise entry thresholds to strengthen supervision of all aspects of remanufacturing; encourage the introduction of local normative documents to promote the development of remanufacturing industries, build a number of remanufacturing industrial bases or parks, and speed up the realization of cluster development of remanufacturing industries.

The second is to introduce relevant supporting measures to improve the management system of remanufacturing industry. The state shall formulate and publish guidance documents such as remanufacturing technology and equipment catalogs as soon as possible; establish a certification system for remanufactured products, improve the management methods for remanufactured product labels, and promote the further improvement of the management level of remanufacturing industries; comprehensively adopt fiscal, taxation, and finance; Incentives and penalties such as prices promote the production and sales of remanufactured products.

The third is to encourage key and common technology R&D and industrialization applications, and to build a technical support system for the development of remanufacturing industries. The establishment of a complete technical support system for the remanufacturing industry requires the joint promotion of the relevant competent authorities and all parties in the industrial chain. The relevant pilot enterprise alliances, universities, research institutes and other research institutions should make use of their respective advantages and increase the research and development of key and common technologies for remanufacturing. Accelerate the pace of industrialization and further reduce the distance from the world's advanced level.

The fourth is to expand the scope of remanufactured products. We will continue to deepen the pilot remanufacturing of auto parts and promote the remanufacturing of construction machinery and machine tools. At the same time, in-depth study of the feasibility of re-manufacturing of defense equipment and electronic products, put forward development ideas, and promote the re-manufacture of defense equipment and electronic products.

The fifth is to increase publicity and promotion efforts to form an overall joint force for the development of the remanufacturing industry. Organize and carry out propaganda and promotion activities for remanufactured products, encourage social groups and the public to participate in the promotion, education, promotion, implementation and supervision of remanufactured products. Strengthen the training of local, industry, and enterprise remanufacturing product concepts and technologies, and mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises for the production of remanufactured products.

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