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1. Spectral components and photosynthesis In the solar spectrum, only visible light can be used by the photosynthesis of plants. Photosynthesis of plants uses light energy from the absorption of photosynthetic pigments, and photosynthetic pigments have obvious selectivity for the absorption of light energy. The red light at wavelengths 640-660 nm and the blue-violet light at 430-450 nm are the ones most absorbed by chlorophyll and have the largest photosynthetic activity; the blue-violet light at 400-500 nm can be absorbed by carotenoid F; red orange and yellow green are Can be absorbed by phycobiline pigment; green light is physiologically ineffective light.
2. Spectral components and plant growth Generally, short-wavelength light such as blue-violet light and ultraviolet light can suppress the elongation and growth of plants, causing the plants to form dwarf morphologies, and cause plant photosensitivity, and promote the anthocyanin and other plants. The formation is typical of the dwarf and slow growth of plants on the mountain, probably due to the inhibitory effect of UV radiation. Long-wavelength light, such as red light and infrared light, has the effect of promoting the elongation and growth of plants. Red-orange light is beneficial to the formation of chlorophyll and promotes seed germination. Red light at a wavelength of 660 nm and far red light at a wavelength of 730 nm can affect the flowering of long-day plants and short-day plants.
3. Spectral components and quality of plant products Different wavelengths of solar radiation can form different photosynthetic products. Blue-violet light can promote the synthesis of more proteins, and red light is beneficial to the synthesis of starch. Alpine tea is often in the environment of short-wave light components, fiber content is small, tea and protein content is high, easy to produce tea. Short-wave light can promote the synthesis of the anthocyanin, so that the plant stems are brightly colored. However, short-wave light can inhibit the growth of plants and prevent the yellowing of plants. However, in the production of vegetables, this principle can be used to produce alfalfa yellow, garlic yellow, Bean sprouts, light blue and other vegetables.
In agriculture, the growth of plants can be promoted by changing the quality of light. For example, the production of colored thin films can improve the yield of Yela, and the purple film can increase the yield of eggplant. Under the red light, the muskmelon plant accelerated development, and the fruit matured 20 days earlier. The sugar content and the vitamin content of the pulp also increased.
In short, different wavelengths of light have different effects on plants, and the main physio-ecological effects of different wavelengths of solar radiation on plants. Different plants adapt to different light conditions for a long time and form corresponding adaptation types.
Relationship between spectral components and plant growth
Light is one of the most important conditions for plant growth and development. After long-term measurement and observation of the integrator, the rules of the spectral components of the light conditions and the spectral components of the plant growth and development required by the growth and development of different types of plants are: Shortwave light decreases with increasing latitude and increases with altitude. The law that changes with time is: the increase of long-wave light in winter and the increase of short-wave light in summer; there is more short-wave light at noon in one day, and there are more waves in the morning and evening. The main components of solar radiation are ultraviolet light, visible light and infrared light. Different wavelengths of light have different properties and have different effects on the growth and development of plants.