When PM2.5 and haze are like eating and sleeping, they become the topic of daily concern and discussion in people's lives. Regardless of the contribution of automobile exhaust emissions to air pollution, it is 22% (Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau data), or 4% (Data from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) How to produce more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly cars is an important issue that the auto industry cannot avoid.

Energy-saving and environmental protection vehicles can be roughly divided into four levels: First, zero-pollution hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and pure electric vehicles, of which, pure electric vehicles have begun trial operation in public transport and some municipal vehicles, including BYD, Roewe E50, BMW I-series and Tesla electric vehicles have also been officially sold to the public. However, the popularization of electric vehicles still requires a long process; however, due to the high cost of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, it is still far away from the market; the second level is plug-in, extension, and hybrid vehicles. Combination technology can effectively reduce fuel consumption, reduce emissions, technology is also relatively mature, is considered to be the mainstream direction of automobile development in the next few years; the third level is based on the small engine quantification represented by turbocharging, has now become the majority The standard of car companies is also the most mainstream; the fourth level is the improvement and excavation of traditional power, such as Honda's Earth Dream Technology, Mazda's Chuangchi Blue Sky Technology and so on.

The traditional technology has not yet discovered the necessary

Compared with the vigorously pure electric, plug-in hybrid and turbocharged, the traditional technology seems to have reached a dead end and is on the verge of being abandoned. So, since there are more advanced technologies, is it necessary for traditional technologies to further tap potential?

From the current state of the art, pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles are not yet available in the short term. Honda’s president, Ito Takahiro, believes that electric vehicles can only become popular after battery technology has been improved and battery life has been leaped forward. In 10 or even 20 years, the popularity of electric vehicles is very difficult. He believes that it is difficult for electric vehicles to reach the ability of a traditional fuel vehicle to refuel 500 kilometers at a time. In this situation, how to improve the fuel economy is a more important task. In addition, the development of hybrids should also consider the price and performance consumers can accept.

Yin Tongyue, chairman of Chery Automobile, also believes that within 20 years, mass production of new energy vehicles will not be realized. The same view also holds the leadership of auto companies and industry experts. Zhao Fuquan, Dean of the Institute of Automotive Industry Technology and Strategy at Tsinghua University, believes that although China’s new energy auto industry has achieved remarkable results, it will take a long process to reach the market on a large scale, and at least 15 years later it will be possible to see 10% of electric vehicles. market share.

Yao Yang, deputy dean of the National Development Research Institute of Peking University, said that at present, the price of a pure electric vehicle is almost 2 to 3 times the price of a traditional car of the same class. Even if it is a hybrid car, the price is much higher than that of a traditional car. Too high battery cost is a major bottleneck in the development of electric vehicles. Consumers are not willing to pay for them, which is a big problem. The second is the safety hazard of the battery. This is also a problem that needs to be considered.

Electric vehicles are not yet universally available, and hybrid power is difficult to accept because of price issues. However, turbocharging is widely recognized as the engine technology at this stage, including Volkswagen, General Motors, Ford, PSA, and Hyundai and domestic self-owned brands. Turbocharger technology has been adopted to reduce fuel consumption while increasing engine power, so as to achieve the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction. Does this mean that turbocharging can completely replace the traditional naturally aspirated engine technology?

The so-called turbocharger, in fact, through the compressed air to increase the engine's intake air, thereby increasing the engine's power and torque, so that the car is more powerful. Therefore, the advantage of turbocharging is obvious. It is a small horse-drawn cart that drives smaller cars to drive larger cars, improving fuel economy while reducing exhaust emissions. At the same time, turbocharging also has some drawbacks, the most obvious of which is the lag response. Because the inertia of the impeller reacts slowly to the throttle changes, even if the modified reaction time is 1.7 seconds, the engine delay will increase or decrease the output power. That is, people often say that the frustration is relatively strong; Second, compared to ordinary naturally aspirated models, turbocharged engine maintenance costs are higher; In addition, because the turbocharger will give the engine a higher combustion temperature, so In theory, the life of a turbocharged engine is not as long as a naturally aspirated engine, and the reliability is not as good as a naturally aspirated engine.

It is the shortcomings of turbocharged engines that give opportunities for the improvement and development of naturally aspirated engines. At the same time, the coexistence and competition of the two technologies also makes the engine development path more diversified. Xu Min, director of the Automotive Engineering Research Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University, believes that turbocharged engine technology and traditional naturally aspirated engine technology do not present a problem at this stage. In the long run, turbocharging technology is promising, but it is worth observing how the cost, reliability, and durability are. The proposition that both have more fuel economy is also open to question. In addition, although turbocharging has become a trend, this does not mean that there is no room for improvement in the natural internal combustion engine. In other words, the natural aspirating technology still has enormous room for growth even if it does not pass additional equipment.

What are the secrets of traditional technology to counter turbocharger?

As a matter of fact, the companies that have so far insisted on the road to natural aspiracy have been mainly Japanese brands. Whether it is Toyota, Honda, Nissan, or Mazda, they have always insisted on working on naturally aspirated engines, whether it is Honda’s launch of the Earth. Dream technology, or Mazda's Chuangchi blue sky technology, have all brought natural suction technology to the extreme.

In June 2013, Honda announced in China a new generation of powertrain technology that combines driving pleasure and environmental performance - Earth Dreams Technology, including a number of new gasolines with world-class output power and fuel economy. The engine, the newly developed compact car CVT with medium-sized motion and the mid-size car CVT transmission series, a single-motor hybrid system for compact cars and a dual-motor hybrid system for medium-sized cars. Among them, the combination of such technologies as direct injection, CVT, i-VTEC, VTC and other forward-looking technologies can be said to be the first in the industry.

Currently, the newly developed 2.4-liter gasoline engine used in the Ninth Generation Accord adopts Honda's original VTEC+VTC technology and a new in-cylinder direct injection system, which significantly improves fuel efficiency while improving fuel economy by reducing friction. 13%, the maximum torque increased by 8%, which will be a better fusion of driving pleasure and fuel economy, improve the efficiency of engine, transmission and other internal combustion engine technology, and enhance the motor and other electric technology.

Yu Jun, deputy general manager of Guangqi Honda Motor Co., believes that low fuel consumption and high efficiency are the current trends in the development of cars. The German and American cars have launched their own turbocharged models. It does not mean that turbo is not good, but it is a natural aspirated engine that has its own obvious advantages compared to the reliability of natural aspirated engines, smooth power output, and easy maintenance in the later stages. The use of i-VTEC's original i-VTEC technology and direct injection system can reduce engine power output while reducing fuel consumption and emissions.

Like Earth Dream Technology, Mazda's Chuang Chi blue sky technology sounds like a traditional improvement to the internal combustion engine. However, the technical difficulty is no less than turbocharged technology. Traditional fuel efficiency is not high, there are three constraints: the compression ratio is not high, the lean combustion is not high, the pump loss. VW's TSI focuses on reducing pump losses, and Mazda focuses on increasing compression ratios, which is a technical difference.

Mazda increased the internal combustion engine's compression ratio to 13:1 or 14:1 without adding booster devices, and the general turbocharger compression ratio was about 11:1. In other words, at this stage, the engine's efficiency in converting gasoline into kinetic energy is only 30%, which means that 70% of the power will be lost in vain. Mazda believes that if the 70% power is further optimized to convert it into effective kinetic energy, the engine will perform better. This 70% consumption mainly includes: pump loss, mechanical resistance, cooling loss and insufficient combustion. Chuangchi Blue Sky Technology is optimized from these aspects to optimize the efficiency of the engine.

Although Volkswagen has already announced that natural suction technology may be completely abandoned within the next few years, all models use turbocharger technology. However, this does not mean that the natural aspirating technology has reached a dead end. With the advancement of science and technology, there is still much room for development for the traditional naturally aspirated internal combustion engine.

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