Ancient Chinese mining technology Our ancestors' large demand for minerals must be based on a developed mining industry and will inevitably produce advanced mining techniques from production practices. Several major mining and mining technologies are described below. Chinese copper ore mining pole as late Shang Dynasty has begun to take shape, although in this regard the lack of recorded history, but the emergence of a large number of Shang Dynasty bronze and copper found in the ruins, we can come to this conclusion. According to the China Cultural Relics News on January 27, 1989, a large copper mine site in the middle of Shang Dynasty was discovered in Tongling, Jiangxi Province. It is the earliest copper mining site discovered in China. The site covers an area of ​​about 250,000 square meters (one square mile). Within the range of 300 square meters that have been excavated, there are 24 shafts, three lanes, one open pit, and one ore dressing tank. This shows that joint mining methods such as shafts, roadways and pit mining have been adopted at that time. There are timber supporting structures in the wells, flat wooden boards or small wooden sticks are attached to the well walls, and the well body is assembled by squatting and inner-supporting frame brackets, and the depth of the well is more than eight meters. There is also a diagonal alley. There are flaws in the lifting tools, and the mining tools have a bronze arc blade. In April 1979, a copper mine site in the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period was discovered in Mayang, Hunan. There were 14 ancient mines, one of which was open-pit mining and the rest was mine-type underground mining. Generally, after the earth's surface is opened along the outcrop of the vein, the inclined well is drilled from top to bottom along the vein. The mine is irregular, wide and narrow, and has a curved mouse-like shape. The vertical depth is about 80 meters. In the large span of the gap, there are pillars or partitions, and between the adjacent pillars with large spans, and the wooden pillars are added to prevent the roof of the mine from collapsing due to excessive pressure. In 1974, the copper mine in Daye and Hubei in Hubei Province excavated the bronze mine in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period. It is relatively complete and is a valuable material history. The Tonglushan copper mine is enriched, mainly including malachite, natural copper and chalcopyrite. These minerals malachite and some were, some were golden yellow, bright colors, easy to find and mining, copper grade is also high. Deposit copper type metal contact metamorphic iron deposit. This ancient mine (locally known as the old man) was exposed during the open pit mining process, and the old man was distributed in an irregular strip from south to north. Archaeologists have chosen to excavate two places: the "twelve-line old man" and the "twenty-four-line old man". The two places are three hundred meters apart from each other. The “Twelve Line Daddy†excavation point is more than 40 meters away from the surface. In the excavation area of ​​50 square meters, eight shafts and one inclined shaft appeared. The supporting timber is a log of five to ten centimeters in diameter. The shaft wellhead is about 80 cm in diameter. The “Twenty-four-line Laojiao†excavation point is more than 50 meters away from the surface wellhead. There are five shafts, one inclined lane and ten lanes in the excavation area of ​​about 120 square meters. The diameter of the log used for support is generally At about 20 cm, the diameter of the shaft wellhead is generally one hundred and ten to thirty-three centimeters, which is larger than the shaft of the "twelve-line old man". The shaft is a traffic tunnel from which the ore and groundwater are raised to the ground and the derrick support is sent to the well. The 50-meter-deep shaft is divided into several sections, that is, a section of shaft is dug, and a section of flat road is dug. Each lane is equipped with a raft, so that it is transported step by step and the relay is completed. The directions of the ten lanes are inconsistent, and the width is not the same. The largest is the No. 2 roadway, which is one meter high and one meter nine meters wide. The width of other roadways is generally one to three to one meter five. The role of the inclined lane and the flat lane is different. From the surface of the ore layer, the inclined lane is inclined to the bottom, mainly for prospecting; then the horizontal lane is opened in the horizontal direction, and the mining is carried out from the bottom of the ore layer. The mined ore is primaries in the underground, and the lean ore and waste rock are filled into the goaf, so that the mining can be selectively carried out, and the ore grade of the sputum can be relatively high, and the amount of transportation can be reduced. In short, the mining of the deposit takes the combination of shaft, inclined shaft, inclined lane and roadway. At the same time, a series of complicated technical problems such as downhole ventilation, drainage, lifting and roadway support were initially solved by various technical means. For example, mine workers use different wellhead pressure differences to form natural airflow, and adopt closed and abandoned roadways to control airflow along the mining direction to ensure that the airflow reaches the deepest working surface; underground, miners use boat-shaped wooden disks. Etc., gravity mining, to determine the grade of the ore, determine the direction of mining. They have chosen the mining area where the ore body is enriched and the grade is high in the fault contact zone. The excavation of this bronze mine illustrates the high level of mining technology at the time with very vivid facts. The scale and technology of mining like this are rarely recorded in the history books. Only in the Song Dynasty, Kong Pingzhong talked about the mining of copper mines in Tan Tan. The book records: "Zhangzhou 岑水场, the old copper, the excavation of more than 20 feet to see the copper. Today, copper benefits less, digging the land deep, to seven or eighty feet. Yunfu cloud: the ground in the strange At most, people with cold smoke will die. If the servant digs into the ground, he will try the fire with a long bamboo tube. If the flame is blue, it is cold smoke, and avoid it. Zhangzhou is now in the Shaoguan area of ​​Guangdong, saying that the copper mines in the past were developed, and now the copper is already less. The cold smoke may be natural gas containing more carbon monoxide. Here we talk about mine depth and ways to prevent cold smoke, but there is no record of the structure of the entire mine. In the Ming Dynasty, Song Yingxing’s "Tiangong Kaiwu" mentioned: "Huguang Wuchang, Jiangxi Guangxin are all Rao copper caves," "Where the copper mountain, the soil with the stone, the hole chiseled a few." In the Qing Dynasty, there were many documents about the mine. For example, Zhang Wei’s "Southern New Language", Wang Wei's "Mineral Mining", Ni Shenshu's "Calcium and Copper Smelting", Wu Qichen (1789-1847)'s "Hainan Mining Plant", and a certain Some local ambitions, etc. Among them, the most detailed description of the "Southern Mines" is accompanied by a mine profile, which is an illustrated work. The book is divided into two volumes, the volume of "Yunnan Mining Plant Drawings", the next volume of "Southern Anhui Mining Plant", copper mining technology, copper mine structure are described in the volume. In front of the book, a mine mine profile is drawn, and the relevant mining technology is reflected in the image. The text and the figure are read and read, which enables the reader to clearly know the details of the copper mining technology at that time. There are mine internal structures, such as flat roads, inclined lanes, other rafts, fishing wells, face faces, steep legs, flat pushes, drill awnings, elephant legs, inverted dragons, whip bridges, tops, doors, etc.; Equipment in the mine, such as oil lamps, staircases, bellows, wind cabinets, pullers, etc. In addition, labor scenes such as ventilation, drainage, lighting, mining ore, ore, etc. are also shown on the map. There is also a special tool object map. Therefore, the picture is as important as the text in this book, and even better than the text. For example, the elephant legs painted on the picture are stone pillars or pillars. Instead of pit wood support mines, it is a mining method that has existed since the Spring and Autumn Period. The text part is written in a clear hierarchy, divided into sixteen parts: the first "introduction", talking about the seedlings; the second "ç¡", talking about the internal structure of the mine and the specific technical operation; the third "the device of the scorpion", speaking in the mine The workers and utensils used; the fourth "mine", telling the grade of ore; the fifth "furnace", speaking of smelting; the sixth to eighth, talking about smelting and supplies; the ninth "Ding", talking about the composition of mine personnel; "Servo", telling the division of labor; the eleventh and twelfth lectures on the mine system and taboos; the thirteenth "disease", on mining disasters, mining damage; the fourteenth to sixteenth superstition activities. So the whole book is about the development, management and operation of copper mines. Mining technology is just a few of them. The whole book shows us the various activities of the mining industry at that time, which enabled us to have a clearer understanding of the level of copper mining at that time. The BMC injection molding machine is a kind of equipment used in thermosetting materials. It has the characteristics of no manual weighing, automatic feeding, and fast molding time. Mainly used in the injection molding process of thermosetting material BMC. Because of its precise hydraulic control system and computer operating platform, it replaces the original backward technology. So that the product can be shaped better and faster. BMC / Bakelite Machine,Bakelite Molding Machine, Bakelite Injection Moulding Machine,bakelite moulding machine Changzhou Yuehai Zanyang Machinery Sales Co., Ltd. , https://www.zanyangmachine.com